Jusletter IT

E-mail version

23 May 2019

Dear readers

The current issue of Jusletter IT focuses on Blockchains. Hans Kuhn, Cornelia Stengel, Luzius Meisser and Rolf H. Weber discuss the legal framework for Blockchain and Distributed Ledger Technology with focus on tokens regarding civil law within the context of the Federal Council's preliminary draft of 22 March 2019. In addition, Jürg Baltensperger deals with the topic of Blockchains in connection with the fight against money laundering. He proposes concrete tools for minimizing money laundering risks in decentralized systems. Barbara Anita Möri examines the compatibility of Blockchain technology with data protection and analyses the technical aspects and responsibility of the system.

As part of the Swiss Data Protection Forum session on e-voting – Voting secrecy and data protection, Benedikt van Spyk, Christian Folini and Reto Fanger discuss the technical challenges of e-voting systems which arise from the tension between the requirements for maintaining voting secrecy on the one hand and the claim to data quality and the associated reconstructability on the other. The discussion is presented in three podcasts. Valentin Conrad also deals with data protection in connection with collecting personal data on the Internet. He comments and compares the legal situation in the EU (GDPR) with the situation in Switzerland (FADP).

Can the children's rights to their own image really be enforced? Anne Mirjam Schneuwly and Jonas Fischer pursue this question by analysing the legal situation with a special focus on age-specific self-determination and the inherent protective rights of the child's personality. Nicolai Bleskie focuses not only on the rights of personality but also on intellectual property. He analyses the currently discussed copyright reforms in the EU and Switzerland and points to the limits of unlimited possibilities on the Internet.

How are net neutrality and network neutrality limited? Pascal Favrod-Coune presents the current conditions in Switzerland and compares the situation with the USA and the EU. He discusses the necessary and possible adjustments at the level of online platforms in order to achieve more Internet neutrality.

In his practice-oriented analysis of cloud-based service level agreements, Philippe Gilliéron discusses the best practices and focuses on topics such as availability, response times of service providers and troubleshooting.

A new technology is discussed by Jakub Harašta, Jaromír Šavelka, Frantisek Kasl and Jakub Míšek. They present a tool for automatic segmentation of decision texts in Czech supreme courts with the aim of using it for automatic reference recognition in data processing. Jakub Gładkowski, Aleksander Kulasza also deal with new technologies which are based on legislative changes in Poland. They discuss the dematerialization of securities and the simple joint-stock company as a new legal form of operative business activity.

We hope you enjoy reading, listening and watching this issue!

Editor, ao. Univ.-Professor Vienna, AT
 Franz Kummer
Editor, Co-owner Weblaw AG Bern, CH

 

P.S: The 5th Weblaw Forum LegalTech will take place in Bern on 5 June 2019. The focus of the event will be «People and Machines». To enable participation for the international audience of Jusletter IT, the event will be streamed live. You can register and obtain further information here: https://www.weblaw.ch/forum.

 

Webinar@Weblaw series «Blockchain & Emerging Technologies», 6, 19 June and 3 July 2019, data protection, financial market law and other topics. You can register and obtain further information here: https://www.weblaw.ch/blockchain-reihe2019.

    Blockchain

    • Hans Kuhn / Cornelia Stengel / Luzius Meisser / Rolf H. Weber

      Wertrechte als Rechtsrahmen für die Token-Wirtschaft

      Bemerkungen zur geplanten Gesetzgebung über elektronische Register

      The Federal Council Report of 14 December 2018 on the legal framework for distributed ledger technology and blockchain identified the need for certain legal adjustments in the Code of Obligations, in the Debt Enforcement and Bankruptcy Act and in the financial market regulations in order to enable the issuance and trading of blockchain-related digital values with increased legal certainty. On 22 March 2019 the Federal Council presented a Report containing the respective law-changing proposals to the public for comments. In this article, the authors discuss the new provisions for the Code of Obligations, particularly the creation of uncertificated securities, and submit ideas for some adjustments to the presented proposals. read on
      • Category: Articles
      • Region: Switzerland
      • Field of law: FinTech and RegTech, Blockchain
    • Jürg Baltensperger

      Geldwäschereibekämpfung in der Blockchain

      Blockchain and combating money laundering seem to be highly incompatible at first sight. On the one hand a dynamic and decentralized technology allowing asset transfers globally and mainly anonymous within a fraction of a second. On the other, a rather cumbersome national control system, that reviews, often manually, transactions for suspicious of money laundering. This article suggests specific tools that may counteract money laundering risks in decentralized systems. read on
      • Category: Short Articles
      • Region: Switzerland
      • Field of law: Blockchain, FinTech and RegTech
    • Barbara Anita Möri

      Blockchain und Datenschutz

      Technische Möglichkeiten und rechtliche Herausforderungen anhand eines Use Cases

      Blockchain and data protection are in a tense relationship due to the technology of immanent invariability. Contrary to the prevalent opinion that these two institutes are not compatible with each other, the author concludes that it’s possible to find a technical solution to bring the technology in line with data protection and to use it accordingly. (kg) read on
      • Category: Articles
      • Region: Switzerland
      • Field of law: Data Protection, Blockchain

    • Data Protection

    • Valentin Conrad

      Web data collection by Swiss actors in a data protection perspective

      Data scraping, data crawling or collecting data through an API are methods which enable to collect personal data online. These techniques create significant problems in terms of data protection. We provide here a short analysis of the phenomenon pursuant to the GDPR and the FADP. read on
      • Category: Articles
      • Region: Switzerland, EU
      • Field of law: Data Protection
    • Anne Mirjam Schneuwly / Jonas Fischer

      Das Recht der Kinder und Jugendlichen am eigenen Bild in der digitalen Welt

      The authors ask whether the children's right to their own image is legally enforceable or indeed just a dead letter in today's digital age, despite its legally binding character. They analyse the present legal situation and particularly focus on the idea of age specific self-determination and the child's inherent right to its personality as matters stand. read on
      • Category: Articles
      • Region: Switzerland
      • Field of law: Data Protection, Internet law, Personal Right

    • IP Law

    • Nicolai Bleskie

      Reform des Urheberrechts

      Begrenzung unbegrenzten Internets

      Flow of information, distribution of pictures, videos and opinions over the Internet – a putative matter of course. Both the EU and Switzerland are currently debating copyright reforms. Copyright protection and personal rights are at odds with uncontrolled and unlimited copies on the Internet. Technical and content-related barriers lead to legal difficulties with regard to fundamental rights. The author presents an overview of the reforms, points out their advantages and disadvantages and presents further approaches in order to meet the balancing act of limiting unlimited possibilities on the Internet. (kg) read on
      • Category: Articles
      • Region: Switzerland, EU
      • Field of law: IP Law, Internet law

    • Telecommunications Law

    • Pascal Favrod-Coune

      Net(work) Neutrality in Switzerland: Where Do We Stand?

      As in other jurisdictions, network neutrality was at the heart of the revision of the Swiss Telecommunications Act in 2019. To begin with, this article aims to expose the position of Switzerland in comparison to other major jurisdictions, the United States and the European Union. Subsequently, it questions the fact that network neutrality is identical to net neutrality with the increasing rise of online platforms, even though the debate on net neutrality often refers solely to network neutrality. This article analyzes in which respect the regulation could and should impose neutrality on online platforms in order to make the Internet more neutral for users. read on
      • Category: Articles
      • Region: Switzerland, EU, USA
      • Field of law: Internet-Governance, Telecommunications law

    • LegalTech

    • Jakub Harašta / Jaromír Šavelka / František Kasl / Jakub Míšek

      Automatic Segmentation of Czech Court Decisions into Multi-Paragraph Parts

      The authors describe a tool for automatic segmentation of the Czech top-tier court decisions (Supreme Court, Supreme Administrative Court, and Constitutional Court) into multi-paragraph parts. The tool allows segmenting a decision into Header, Party Response, Proceeding Summary, Court Argumentation, Footer, Dissent, and Footnotes. Segmenting text into multi-paragraph parts allows to treat different parts differently even when they contain similar linguistic or other features. Eventually, this is useful in data processing pipelines, as this tool is planned for use in automatic reference recognition purposes. read on
      • Category: Articles
      • Region: Czech Republic
      • Field of law: LegalTech, E-Justice
    • Jakub Gładkowski / Aleksander Kulasza

      New technologies in the Polish provisions regulating financial markets and company law

      A simple joint-stock company (simple JSC) designed for the needs of start-ups in the IT industry – obligatory dematerialisation of private securities such as bonds or simple JSC shares – compliance with the EU regulations

      The article presents amendments in the Polish law in the sector of financial markets and company law which make use of innovative IT solutions and thus lead to a greater protection of investors in Poland. The examples of such changes in law are the obligatory dematerialisation of the Polish securities (of non-public entities), such as bonds and the introduction of a new legal form of operating business activity, namely a simple joint stock company, for which the dematerialisation of shares is provided with the use of technologies such as Public Key Infrastructure and Keyless Signature Infrastructure, and the blockchain type of technology. read on
      • Category: Articles
      • Region: Poland
      • Field of law: FinTech and RegTech

    • Cloud Computing

    • Philippe Gilliéron

      Service Level Agreements (SLA) in cloud-based agreements

      Best practices from a practitioner’s standpoint

      This paper is not meant to be a scientific one, but rather a business-oriented paper reflecting the author’s experience after having negotiated several hundreds of cloud-based agreements and related SLAs for numerous companies ranging from small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) to multinational ones, in most cases in favor of customers. As a result, this paper is mostly targeted towards practitioners having to deal with SLAs in their daily work; in other words, readers will not find any footnotes or scholarly references as would normally be expected from a scholarly piece of work. read on
      • Category: Articles
      • Region: Switzerland
      • Field of law: IT-Law, Contract Law, Cloud-Computing

    • Podcasts

    • Christian Folini

      Technische Hintergründe der anonymen elektronischen Stimmabgabe

      Das sichere Online Abstimmen unter Wahrung des Stimmgeheimnisses bedeutet eine grosse technische Herausforderung. Der Widerspruch zwischen den beiden Anforderungen lässt sich von der Systemarchitektur durch die Anforderungsdokumente bis in das Gesetz hinein verfolgen. Dieser Widerspruch führt zu einer sehr hohen Komplexität, welche sich bei Software oft in Fehlern im Code niederschlägt. Und genau dies ist beim E-Voting System der Post geschehen. Der Vortrag beleuchtet die technischen Hintergründe einer der bekannt gewordenen Schwachstellen. read on

      Christian Folini

      Christian Folini

      Technische Hintergründe der anonymen elektronischen Stimmabgabe
      • Category: Podcasts
      • Field of law: Data Protection
    • Reto Fanger

      E-Voting: Datenschutzrechtliche Aspekte einer politisch umstrittenen Thematik

      From the point of view of data protection law, the issue of data security is central to e-voting in order to ensure compliance with the processing principles for personal data and, in particular, the accuracy of the data (data quality). The complete documentability and reconstructability of all processes required for this makes anonymisation impossible and is thus in a tense relationship to the confidentiality of votes. Data security can only be achieved – subject to the protection of voting secrecy – with balanced technical and organisational measures within the framework of certified ISMS/DSMS. read on

      Reto Fanger

      Dr. iur.

      Reto Fanger

      E-Voting: Datenschutzrechtliche Aspekte einer politisch umstrittenen Thematik
      • Category: Podcasts
      • Field of law: Data Protection
    • Benedikt van Spyk

      E-Voting im Kanton St.Gallen

      Dr. Benedikt van Spyk, Vizestaatssekretär Kanton St.Gallen, stellt das E-Voting Projekt des Kantons St.Gallen vor. Im Kanton St.Gallen können nebst den Auslandschweizern seit 2016 auch alle Stimmberechtigten in fünf Pilotgemeinden elektronisch abstimmen und wählen. Er erläutert die Motivation des Kanton St.Gallen, sich für E-Voting zu engagieren und berichtet von den gemachten Erfahrungen. Zudem wird vertieft auf die Frage nach dem Schutz von Personendaten im Rahmen von E-Voting eingegangen. read on

      Benedikt van Spyk

      Benedikt van Spyk

      E-Voting im Kanton St.Gallen
      • Category: Podcasts
      • Field of law: Data Protection

    • TechLawNews by Ronzani Schlauri Attorneys

    • News

    • Jurius

      UK violated privacy of activist whose personal data appeared in extremism database

      ECHR – In its judgment of 24 January 2019 in the case of Catt v. the United Kingdom the European Court of Human Rights held, unanimously, that there had been: a violation of Article 8 (right to respect for private and family life) of the European Convention on Human Rights (Judgment no. 43514/15). read on
      • Region: United Kingdom
      • Field of law: Personal Right, Data Protection
    • Jurius

      Court stresses importance of hyperlinks on Internet in libel case

      ECHR – In its judgment of 4 December 2018 in the case of Magyar Jeti Zrt v. Hungary the European Court of Human Rights held, unanimously, that there had been: a violation of Article 10 (freedom of expression) of the European Convention on Human Rights. (Judgment no. 11257/16) read on
      • Region: Hungaria
      • Field of law: Internet law, Information law
    • Jurius

      Zur Zulässigkeit der unaufgeforderten Aufschaltung eines separaten Wifi-Hotspots bei WLAN-Kunden

      BGH – The I. Civil Senate of the Federal Court of Justice, which is responsible, among other things, for claims arising from the Act against Unfair Competition, has ruled that the activation of a second WLAN signal on the WLAN router made available to its customers by a telecommunications service provider, which can be used by third parties, is permissible under competition law if the customers have a right of objection, the activation of the second WLAN signal does not impair their Internet access and also does not entail any other disadvantages, in particular no security and liability risks or additional costs. (Judgment I ZR 23/18) (ph) read on
      • Region: Germany
      • Field of law: Competition law, Internet law, Telecommunications law
    • Jurius

      Illegal zugänglich gemachte Filme im Internet

      BGer – As an access provider (provider of Internet access), Swisscom cannot be obliged to block access to Internet pages containing films made illegally accessible. The Federal Supreme Court rejects a complaint lodged by a company in Switzerland which is entitled to the copyrights for some of the films concerned. (Judgement 4A_433/2018) (dr) read on
      • Region: Switzerland
      • Field of law: Internet law, IP Law
    • Jurius

      Datenbearbeitung bei «Helsana+» teilweise rechtswidrig

      BVGer – Some of the data gathering undertaken for the app-based bonus programme "Helsana+" violates the provisions of the Swiss Data Protection Act. However, it is not unlawful to use legally acquired data on individuals with only basic insurance. This is the decision reached by the Swiss Federal Administrative Court. (Judgement A-3548/2018) read on
      • Region: Switzerland
      • Field of law: Data Protection, Personal Right, E-Health
    • Jurius

      Establishment of cyber security competence centre one step further

      During its meeting on May 15, 2019, the Federal Council adopted the implementation plan for the 2018–2022 national strategy for the protection of Switzerland against cyber risks (NCS) and thereby made further decisions on the establishment of the competence centre for cyber security. At the same time, the Federal Council decided to strengthen human resources in the area of cyber risks with an extra 24 posts. read on
      • Region: Switzerland
      • Field of law: Cybercrime
    • Jurius

      Bundesrat gibt gesetzliche Grundlagen für Beteiligung an eOperations Schweiz in Auftrag

      The organisation «eOperations Switzerland», founded in 2018, aims to enable the joint development and operation of IT solutions in the field of e-government for digitised services provided by the federal government, cantons and municipalities. In order for the Confederation to be able to participate in eOperations Schweiz AG, a legal basis is required. The Federal Council supports the participation of the Confederation and instructed the Federal Department of Finance (FDF) at its meeting on 30 January 2019 to develop these legal bases. (ph) read on
      • Region: Switzerland
      • Field of law: E-Government
    • Jurius

      Bundesrat stärkt militärische Cyberabwehr

      In order to fulfil its mission at all times, the army must protect its IT systems against cyber attacks. At its meeting on 30 January 2019, the Federal Council issued a new ordinance regulating the organisation and responsibilities for maintaining military security in the cyberspace to ensure that the armed forces have the instruments they need to protect themselves. The ordinance will enter into force on 1 March 2019. It specifies the legal requirements that have been created with a view to the further development of the armed forces. (ph) read on
      • Region: Switzerland
      • Field of law: Cybercrime
    • Jurius

      Die Digitalisierung im Gesundheitswesen fördern

      The Swiss population should be able to make even better use of the possibilities offered by digitisation for their health. To this end, the Federal Council adopted the eHealth Switzerland 2.0 strategy at its meeting on 14 December 2018. The focus will be on the introduction and dissemination of the electronic patient file. (ph) read on
      • Region: Switzerland
      • Field of law: E-Health
    • Jurius

      Federal Council wants to improve framework conditions for blockchain

      During its meeting on 7 December 2018, the Federal Council adopted a report on the legal framework for blockchain and distributed ledger technology (DLT) in the financial sector. The report shows that Switzerland’s legal framework is well suited to dealing with new technologies, including blockchain. Nevertheless, there is still a need for selective adjustments. The Federal Council also noted the analysis of an interdepartmental working group on the money laundering and terrorist financing risks posed by crypto assets. read on
      • Region: Switzerland
      • Field of law: Blockchain, FinTech and RegTech

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